Publications
Decarbonization of Blast Furnace Gases Using a Packed Bed of Ca-Cu Solids in a New TRL7 Pilot
Fernandez, J. R., Alonso, M., Mendez, A., Diaz, M., Garcia, R., Cano, M., Alzueta, I. & Abanades, J. C. (2025). Decarbonization of Blast Furnace Gases Using a Packed Bed of Ca-Cu Solids in a New TRL7 Pilot. Energies, 18(3), 675. Abstract This work outlines the commissioning and initial experiments from a new pilot plant at Arcelor Mittal Gas Lab (Asturias, Spain) designed to decarbonize up to 300 Nm3/h of blast furnace gas (BFG). This investigation intends to demonstrate for the...
DISPLACE post-combustion carbon capture technology – Integration in a steel plant for mitigation of CO2 emissions
Zecca, N., Lücking, L., Chisăliță, D. A., Boon, J., van Dijk, H. A. J., Pieterse, J. A. Z., Giuffrida, A. & Manzolini, G. (2025). DISPLACE Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Technology Integration in a Steel Plant for CO2 Reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 144739. Highlights The integration of DISPLACE in a conventional steel mill is investigated. DISPLACE performances have been optimized through several simulations. Aspen Plus has been used to model the integration of...
D4.9: Report on operational risks of the 2050 North Sea Port cluster
Given the currently high costs of CCUS, as well as the more stringent regulations that will come with higher penalties on CO2 emissions (e.g., via the Emission Trading System in the European Union), the future of large-scale CCUS deployment can significantly benefit from implementing optimal and shared CO2 transport and storage infrastructure solutions in cluster regions. To this end, C4U’s is developing a methodology for the techno-economic optimisation and life cycle assessment of CO2...
D2.5: Experimental results from the TRL7 CASOH pilot: screening test results and tuned reactor models
This public deliverable reports the first test and experiments carried out on the CASOH pilot, which was built at the GasLab site of the ArcerlorMittal R&D - in their plant in Asturias (Spain) - to test at TRL7 the CASOH process (“Calcium Assisted Steel-mill Off-gas Hydrogen production”) under development by the C4U project to decarbonise Blast Furnace Gases (BFG). This report spans from the end of the commissioning works marked by D2.4 (Factory acceptance test results of the CASOH pilot)...
D7.3 Stakeholder-tailored engagement (workshops and meetings) and summary report
C4U uses a range of approaches to ensure a two-way dialogue with key stakeholders and end users, implementing activities to both inform and involve the following target groups: policymakers, industrial actors and potential end-users, research and academia, local communities, civil society, funding agencies, and potential investors. This report captures all the stakeholder engagement and dissemination activities undertaken throughout the C4U project. Through continuous and effective...
D7.1 Full Plan for Dissemination and Exploitation of Results (PEDR) including success metrics (Task 7.1)
The Plan for Exploitation, Dissemination and Communication of the Results (PEDR) operates as a strategic document to support the C4U Consortium in planning how best to maximise the impact and utilisation of results, innovation and business opportunities. The plan has helped to establish the bases for dissemination and exploitation activities, as well as an intellectual property strategy. The objective pursued by enhancing the exploitation and dissemination of the project’s results is to...
D4.3. Validation of the pipeline decompression flow model against experimental data
Given the high costs of CCUS, using shared CO2 transport and storage infrastructure and CCUS process integration in industrial clusters becomes critical for the economic rollout of CCUS at large-scale. In this context, the C4U project is aimed at developing advanced technologies for CO2 capture from iron and steel plants and optimising integration of the CO2 capture and transport solutions in industrial clusters. In WP4, the CO2 transport infrastructure optimisation is based on whole-system...
The C4U Policy Brief Series
Drawing from the interdisciplinary expertise of the C4U Consortium, these briefs highlight how society, business, and policy actors depend on each other for successfully deploying decarbonization technologies such as CCUS in hard-to-abate industrial clusters.
D5.4 Policy brief on how to incentivise CCUS in a societally acceptable way in industrial clusters
Effective greenhouse gas abatement options are crucial for achieving the Paris Agreement goals. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) can play a potentially significant role in the mitigation portfolio, in particular to reduce emissions from energy-intensive industry. However, controversies and general mistrust towards CCS persist due to the potential misuse to prolong fossil fuel reliance, and avoid transformative change, as well as questions over the technology's safety. In COP28, with the focus...
D5.5: Final report on presenting a framework model for societal and business readiness and system dynamics around CCUS through just transitions in industrial clusters
In the European Union (EU), there is increasing attention on large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment as an essential option for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The Industrial Carbon Management Strategy, released in February 2024, views Carbon Capture Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS), and carbon removals as technological options to help mitigate emissions from hard-to-abate industries. According to its projections, the EU will need to...
Estimating the line packing time for pipelines transporting carbon dioxide
Martynov, S. B., Porter, R. T., & Mahgerefteh, H. (2024). Estimating the line packing time for pipelines transporting carbon dioxide. Carbon Capture Science & Technology, 11, 100188. Abstract During the operation of pressurised pipelines transporting compressible fluids, line packing is employed as an effective method that uses the pipeline itself as a buffer storage, compensating for fluctuations in the fluid supply or demand. While in large-capacity natural gas transmission systems,...
D7.6 Media Articles
Media outreach has been a key priority throughout the lifetime of the C4U project. Achievement of the C4U project’s impacts depends on the project’s research and findings being exploited to the full extent and disseminated to relevant stakeholders. Media outreach is a crucial avenue through which to achieve this. Throughout its lifetime, the C4U Consortium has achieved a long history of impactful media activity, engaging with a wide array of mainstream and specialized media across Europe. ...